compendium 1, unit 4

Reproduction

1.How is a new organism started http://www.mun.ca/

a)Mitosis

b)Meiosis

c)Fertilization

d)Pre- Embryonic/Embryonic development

e)Fetal Development

f)Eggs

g)Sperm

2Fetal Development

a)3rd month

b)4th month

c)5th month

d)6th month

e)7th month

f)8th month

g)9th month

3Human life cycle

a)Meiosis

b)Fertilization

c)Fetal Development

d)Birth

e)Childhood/Adolescence

f)Adulthood

g)Aging

h)Death

1. How is a new organism started.

a)Mitosis- Somatic cell division that produces 2 daughter cells that contain the same number and kind of chromosomes as the original cell.

b)Meiosis- Begins with a diploid stem cell. After 2 divisions, 4 gametes are produced.

c)Fertilization- Union of a sperm and egg to form a zygote. This is the first cell created in order to create a person.

d)Pre-Embryonic- First week of embryonic fetal development

1) Embryonic Development- Begins 2nd week and lasts until the second month of development.

e)Fetal Development- Uterus is growing since the baby is being constructed. This will continue until birth of baby.

f)Eggs- Produced by the ovaries, lives 6-24 hrs unless fertilization occurs.

g)Sperm- Produced in testes, and transported by semen secreted by the prostate and seminal gland during ejaculation

2.Fetal Development

a)3rd month- Gender can be distinguished

b)4th month-Skeleton is visible http://www.search.com/

c)5th month- Heart beat can be heard

d)6th month- Able to differentiate parts of body

e)7th month- Eyes are open

f)8th month- Subcutaneous fat begins to be deposited

g)9th month- Fetus is ready for birth

3. Human life cycle

a)Meiosis

b)Fertilization

c)Fetal development

d)Birth

e)Childhood/Adolescence www.teachercreatedmaterials.com

f)Adult hood

g)Aging

h)Death

Ref: Mader book, ARIS, Brady Book

Unit 3, Compendium 1

1. Nervous System

a) Two divisions of nervous system

b) 3 specific functions of nervous system

2. Neuron structure

a) Neurons

b) Axon

c) Dendrites

3. Types of neurons

a) Sensory

b) Motor

4. Nerve Impulse

a) Action Potential picture of nervous system http://www.humananatomyposters.com/^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

b) Resting Potential

c) Synapse

5. CNS components

a) Spinal cord

b) Brain

6. PNS

a) Somatic system

b) Autonomic system

7. Sensation

a) Visual cortex

b) Sensory cortex

c) Cutaneous receptors

d) Senses

1.Nervous system

a) 2 divisions- Central Nervous system (brain, spinal cord) and Peripheral Nervous System (nerves), are connected together and work with the CNS to send and receive information.

b) 3 specific functions are sensory input, integration of input from the body, and motor response.

2. Neuron structure

a) Neurons- Cells that transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system. Neuralgia provide support and nourishment to the neurons.

b) Axon- Part of neuron that conducts nerve impulses. Also, known as a nerve fiber. picture of neuron http://www.nomoreadd.com/ >>>>>>>>>>>>>

c) Dendrites- Extensions that receive signals from sensory receptors or other neurons. These signals can result in nerve impulses conducted by the axon.

3. Types of Neurons

a) Sensory- takes nerve impulses from sensory receptor to the CNS.

b) Motor- Takes nerve impulses away from CNS to an effector, which in turn creates a mechanical response.

4. Nerve impulse

a) Action Potential- Rapid change in polarity across an axonal membrane as the nerve impulse occurs, in an "all or none" manner.

b) Resting Potential- The Axon is not conducting an impulse. This means that the inside of the neuron is more negative (polarity) than the outside of the neuron.

action potential and resting potential illustration http://static.howstuffworks.com/ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

c) Synapse- Terminal are close to the Dendrite or cell body of a neuron. This is the point of communication between the two neurons that happens by the aid of neurotransmitters that are stored in the synaptic vesicles.

5. CNS components

a) Spinal cord- Center of reflex arcs that serve as a "highway" for all communications.

b) Brain- Computes impulses and determines the response.

6. PNS

a) Somatic system- Serves skin, skeletal, and tendons that receive information from an external sensory receptor. Then this information is transmitted to the CNS, then a motor command is sent from the CNS to skeletal muscles.

picture of parasympathetic nervous system. http://webanatomy.net/ >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

b) Autonomic system- Regulates activity of cardiac, smooth muscles, and glands. 2 components are sympathetic " fight or flight" and parasympathetic " feed and breed".

7. Sensation

a) Visual cortex

b) Sensory cortex

c) Cutaneous receptors

d) Senses in the head allow for taste, smell, vision, hearing, and equilibrium.

references: ARIS, Mader book, Brady book, Leech lab