Unit 4, Lab 2

This is a human demographics lab that compares the different fertility rate against the the whole world population.

1. What was your high fertility rate country and what was its fertility rate? My high fertility rate country is Somalia, with a fertility rate of 7.11

2. What was your low fertility rate country and what was its fertility rate? I used the U.S. because the fertility rate is at 2 and this is our home country.

3.The high fertility rate in Somalia represents that many issues that face that country. There are many births that can contribute to the country and its lack of industrialization. Which i find interesting because it is a very poor nation with very little help in terms of food and medical supplies. This is proves to show that the average life span is low when compared to the U.S.. This has the potential to effect the world because we are already experiencing a large demand on resources due to the Asian population becoming more industrialized. This will only compound the issues at hand as more countries become even more dependant on our worlds limited resources.

4. In the low fertility rate country, the middle aged class has grown, in my opinion, because those societies have more to offer in regards to choices in living a more structured life because of the need to have income in order to keep up with the cost of life. People are becoming more focused on income in order to "have a life". You can have more money to live off of if you do not have children to support. So, in my opinion, people are having less children, which in turn, gives us a higher middle-aged class vs. the fertility rate.

5.Middle aged no children: Focused, driven, set in their ways, structured, professional, bad drivers, slow, rude, have to be catered to, taxing(abusive) on the U.S. health care system.

Children: Fast, funny, no-care, really enjoying life, no worries, reckless, bad drivers, limited regard to respect, loud, play full, not focused.

Unit 3, Lab 2

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This lab is to test the effects of muscle fatigue and how the cold effects the function of muscles. First, i recorded how many times i can make a fist in 20 seconds. Then i submersed my hand in a ice/water mix for 60 seconds. I then recorded how many "fists" i could make in 20 seconds.

NORMAL Temp. # of fists: 45

Ice Water # of fists: 40

Next, I wanted to know the effect of fatigue on muscle action while squeezing a rubber ball. I did this for 20 seconds, with 10 trials. I did not rest between each trial.

1. 50

2. 47

3. 40

4. 35

5. 28

6. 21

7. 19

8. 15

9. 8

10. 3

1. What are the three changes you observed in a muscle while it is working (contracted)? I noticed that the muscle would enlarge, it would also tighten up, and i could not continue with the same rate due to muscle fatigue

2. What effect did the cold temperature have on the action of your hand muscles? Explain. The cold caused my muscles to constrict due to the vasoconstriction secondary to the cold water. This in turn, made my muscle feel stiff. I had a hard time making my fist due to the initial vasoconstriction, and the end result made it hard for me to "catch up" with the demand.

3. What effect did fatigue have on the action of your hand muscles? Explain In the beginning, my body was able to keep up with aerobic demand of my muscles. However, this was a task specific challenge placed on group of muscles. As i continued with the exercise, my muscles had received adequate O2, but because i did not rest between trials,i think it is possible that the O2 demand for that specific group of muscles was greater than available. The end result was anaerobic cellular respiration with possible hypertrophy of those muscles.

Unit 2, Lab 2

This chart was created after i logged everything i consumed during the day.

How healthy a daily diet do you think this is? I felt that this was healthy diet as far as the calorie count goes. The choices were decent and i didn't eat too much. Coming off a 3000 calorie a day diet from the Army, i have cut that down to 1/2 to 1/3 of the intake. I drink lots of water and i don't drink allot of soda. Since i am from the South, i will not give up my iced tea! I stay under 1500 calories a day with plenty of exercise to reduce my chances of getting ill. I consider this a balanced meal with no fried food and a limited red meat intake.

What would you change about this day's eating, if anything? I would add more fruit to this daily intake. I could limit the already small amount off BBQ sauce that i added to the grilled pork.

Do you find this kind of nutritional tracking helpful? I found it very help full. I was able to see that i did not balance my meals out real good. I was glad to see that i keep my calorie intake under control. However, i do not eat lunch, so there is room to change some choices allowing me to add a lunch, balance the food group out, and stay under 1200 calories a day. Nice eye opener

Lab 2 - Genetics

This lab demenstrates the role of genes and it's relations to inheritance.

Specific terms used during this lab:

1) Genotype: Genes of an individual for a particular trait or traits. This is represented clearly on the Punnett Square lab scenario 5. Here, the genotype for each heterozygous fly is listed Ll horizontally, and Ll vertically.

2) Phenotype: Visible expression of the genotype. In the dragon lab, we are challenged to create a carbon copy of a dragon. This is accomplished by changing the chromosomes in order to match traits. Alleles play a major role in this process.

3) Alleles: An alternative form of a gene having the same locus on a pair of chromosomes that affect the same trait. This is accomplished by in the dragon lab, using horns as an example, by changing the allele for that particular trait.

4) Crossing- over: This is accomplished during the prophase of Meiosis. This is when the chromatids held together by a centromere are no longer identical. This is where and recessive genes play a big role with the respect to the allele.

5) Dominate genotype is identified in the Punnett Square in scenario 5 as LL. Because this is a common gene shared by the parents, the individual has an allele designation LL. This is called a homozygous dominate genotype.

6) Recessive genotype, identified in the lab as ll. This means that the zygote has received 2 recessive alleles. This genotype is called called homozygous recessive.

This lab was a great tool to reinforce the affects of traits passed on by the "parents". I understand that during Meiosis, our genes are crossed matched by chromosomes, and that the alleles will affect our genetic outcome.