This review will cover the following topics
1.Blood
a.Red Blood cell
2.Circulation
a.O2 and CO2 exchange
3.Immunity
a.White blood cell types and functions
b.Antibodies
c.Lymphocytes:T,B, and NK cells
d.Bacteria
e.Virus
4.HIV/AIDS
A. Phases of HIV and AIDS
1. Blood is is the primary transporter of our body that delivers oxygen and nutrients to our body. Blood then transports the waste generated (CO2
), and other materials used by the body. Blood is a very complex solution that contains 55% plasma(mostly water and protein) and 45% cells and platelets. The red blood cell is the primary cell in this fluid. The red blood cell(RBC) does not have a nucleus. The RBC is built to facilitate Hemoglobin(Hb). The Hb is transported by the RBC because
), and other materials used by the body. Blood is a very complex solution that contains 55% plasma(mostly water and protein) and 45% cells and platelets. The red blood cell is the primary cell in this fluid. The red blood cell(RBC) does not have a nucleus. The RBC is built to facilitate Hemoglobin(Hb). The Hb is transported by the RBC because O2 binds with the Hb in order to provide oxygen to our body. RBC's are produced at a rate of 3 million every second
2.Circulation is the bodies "mechanical" process of maintaining life by providing our cells with fresh O2, and by removing CO2. This is accomplished by providing the heart with oxygen via RBC's.
A. O2 , CO2 exchange is possible by a "route" the blood takes through our body. When we inhale/exhale, our body is getting rid of the CO2 created by our cells metabolism. Inhalation allows for our body to take on fresh O2. This exchange takes place at the alveoli, in our lungs. This is acc
omplished by diffusion. As the O2 enters the blood stream, the Hb binds with the RBC for transport. As the Arteries send blood away from the heart, the blood will pass into arterioles. The arterioles allow for the O2, to pass through a capillary bed. This is were the O2 is exchanged for CO2. The CO2 then passes through the venules which connects to the veins that route themselves to the superior or inferior vena cava. From there, the blood enters the right atrium to it's ultimate destination: the alveoli in the lungs. All of this is accomplished by the pressure from the heart beat. Sterling's Law and stroke volume play a big factor in cardiac output.
omplished by diffusion. As the O2 enters the blood stream, the Hb binds with the RBC for transport. As the Arteries send blood away from the heart, the blood will pass into arterioles. The arterioles allow for the O2, to pass through a capillary bed. This is were the O2 is exchanged for CO2. The CO2 then passes through the venules which connects to the veins that route themselves to the superior or inferior vena cava. From there, the blood enters the right atrium to it's ultimate destination: the alveoli in the lungs. All of this is accomplished by the pressure from the heart beat. Sterling's Law and stroke volume play a big factor in cardiac output.
white blood cell http://www.abc.net.au/3. Immunity and our blood. Our blood, through circulation, transports white blood cells(WBC's) that are used to protect homeostasis. There are three types of blood white cells that i will be introducing.
A. WBC's (Leukrocytes) are different from RBC's because they have a nucleus and can not transport Hg. Neutrophils, produced in bone marrow, are Phagocytic. They engulf pathogens(bacteria) or debris in tissues, they also release cytoxic enzymes. They contribute 50 to 70% of WBC's.
B. Basophils account for <1%>C. Monocytes, account for 2 to - 8% of circulating WBC's. These guy's enter tissue and engulf pathogens and debris.
D. Lymphocytes are the primary cells of the lymphatic system which is a specialized network that is distinct from the circulatory system. Also, circulating blood has 3 classes of lymphocytes: T cells, which attack foreign cells, B cell's, that secrete antibodies, and Natural killer (NK), responsible for immune system proper function and destruction of the body's own abnormal tissue cells.
E.Bacteria is a unicellular microorganism that is found everywhere. In our body, on our skin, and in the ground (just to name a few). Our body, with a healthy immune system, is able to keep the bacteria in line. Bacteria has great diversity, and the classification of bacteria can change quickly. Illness secondary to bacteria is treated with antibiotics compared to a virus that takes over a "host" cell.
virus>>>>>
F. Virus: A virus is a type of pathogenic microorganism that can cause colds, flu, and AIDS. A virus is not composed of cells, that is why it finds a "host". A virus will contain the genetic information needed to reproduce its self. HIV has its own RNA genome. Because a virus invades a host cell, it makes treatment with antibiotics pointless. When you become sick with the flu, for example, the medications you take only help in relieving the side effects of the virus. You have to let the virus "run"its course.
aids virus
aids virus http://www.aids.gemzies.com/
4. HIV/AIDS is a pandemic that can found around the glob. HIV-1 Is the prevalent form of HIV that has no boundary. There are three phases to HIV
A. Acute phase: no apparent symptoms with a CD4T cell count that has not fallen below 500 cells per mm.
B. Chronic phase: Pt. has variety of symptoms and a CD4T cell count of 299-400 cells per mm.
C. Aids: Pt. is diagnosed with AIDS when their CD4T cell count is below 200 cells per mm. The pt. will begin to experience destruction from opportunistic diseases, not from HIV.
Although there is not a cure, people infected are able to live longer due to drug therapy. There are human trials that have the potential to produce an affective preventive vaccine.
References: Aris, Mader book, Brady A&P for emergency medicine, http://www.scienceclarified.com/, http://www.planedtank.net/
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