Compendium 2 Unit 2

drawing of person eating. http://www.uen.org/

Nutrition

1 Metabolism

a Nutrients

b Cardiovascular System

c Catabolism

d Anabolism

2 Glycolysis

a Mitochondrial Energy Production

b Insulin

c Type I Diabetes Mellitus

d Type II Diabetes Mellitus

e Endocrine System

3 Diet and Nutrition

a Homeostasis

b 4 food groups

1. Metabolism- All chemical reactions of the body.

a. Nutrients- Required substances for the body that is obtained by absorption in the Digestive track.

b. Cardiovascular system distributes O2 and nutrients to the cells in our body.

c. Catabolism- Breaks down organic molecules, releasing energy that can be used to synthesize ATP. Example: Carbohydrates are broken down into short carbon chains, triglycerides are split into fatty acids and glycerol, and proteins are broken down to individual amino acids.

d. Anabolism- The synthesis of new organic molecules, involves the formation of new chemical bonds.

picture of wave that represents catabolism- breakdown of a large wave that produces energy in smaller particles, as it crashes on the surf. http://www.newsaboutall.com/

2. Glycolysis- The breakdown of pyruvic acid.

a. Mitochondrial Energy Production- Glycolysis gains 2 ATP molecules for the cell, with additional energy locked in the chemical bonds of pyruvic acid.

b. Insulin- Protein secreted by the pancreas into the blood. This facilitates the diffusion of glucose in cells. Alpha cells produce the hormone Glucagon and Beta cells secrete insulin. This regulates glucose concentrations. Conversion of glucose to ATP. http://www.uregon.edu/

c. Type I Diabetes Mellitus- Destruction of the Beta cells in the pancreas resulting in an insulin dependant medical condition since the pancreas no longer produces insulin. Without insulin, glucose can not enter the cell.

d. Type II Diabetes Mellitus- Adult on-set associated with over-weight people that have a moderate decline on of insulin production secondary to a poor diet.

e. Endocrine System plays an important roll with our digestive track. Diabetes is associated with an Endocrine disorder.

3. Diet and Nutrition

a. Homeostasis can only be maintained if the digestive track absorbs fluid, organic substrates, minerals, and vitamins at a rate that can keep up with the cellular demand.

b. 4 Food groups are : Milk and dairy, meat, vegetable and fruit, and bread and cereal. This is why we can not live on "sugar' alone. Picture of food group. http://www.drpbody.com/

references: Aris, Brady Book, Mader book